It is interesting how Kohlberg does not focus a lot in specific values, but instead he does in what is concern to morality. He even developed his own theory of moral development. In there, he proposed three levels of moral reasoning.
The first level (pre-conventional) means that children's decisions are based on avoiding punishment and receiving rewards. The second level (conventional), the highest value is following the rules of the society. At the third level (post-conventional), people follow universal moral values and make their own choices.
In order to make these classifications, Kohlberg applied a lot of moral dilemmas to people and he classified the answers he got. Kohlberg established also that democracy in the classroom was the base for a moral development. One of his statements in his theory is that people cannot understand moral reasoning more than one stage ahead of their own. It means that for example a 7 year old kid maybe can understand the moral of a 10 year old, but not beyond that. This says that moral is such a complex topic.
The theory stages
At stage 1 children think that by doing what is right they will avoid the punishment. At stage 2, children are not really impress for any single authority; they can distinguish the sides of the issues. At stage 3, they believe that being a good person, basically means helping people whom they are close to. At stage 4, they believe that by obeying laws, a society will be united. At stages 5 and 6 people do not really care about maintaining society for it own sake (obeying rules), but more concerned with the principles and values that make for a good society, according to them.
The first level (pre-conventional) means that children's decisions are based on avoiding punishment and receiving rewards. The second level (conventional), the highest value is following the rules of the society. At the third level (post-conventional), people follow universal moral values and make their own choices.
In order to make these classifications, Kohlberg applied a lot of moral dilemmas to people and he classified the answers he got. Kohlberg established also that democracy in the classroom was the base for a moral development. One of his statements in his theory is that people cannot understand moral reasoning more than one stage ahead of their own. It means that for example a 7 year old kid maybe can understand the moral of a 10 year old, but not beyond that. This says that moral is such a complex topic.
The theory stages
At stage 1 children think that by doing what is right they will avoid the punishment. At stage 2, children are not really impress for any single authority; they can distinguish the sides of the issues. At stage 3, they believe that being a good person, basically means helping people whom they are close to. At stage 4, they believe that by obeying laws, a society will be united. At stages 5 and 6 people do not really care about maintaining society for it own sake (obeying rules), but more concerned with the principles and values that make for a good society, according to them.
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